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Foot Deformities in Children with Cerebral Palsy
±Û¾´ÀÌ : °ü¸®ÀÚ ³¯Â¥ : 2015-10-19 (¿ù) 14:46 Á¶È¸ : 7759
Foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy.pdf (327.7K), Down : 0, 2015-10-19 14:46:56

Foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy

Paz Kedem and David M. Scher

Curr Opin Pediatr 2015, 27:67-74

Key points

¡Ü The most common foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are equinus, planovalgus and equinovarus or equinocavovarus.

¡Ü Management options for foot deformities in children with CP include

¡Ü stretching and strengthening, tone management (i.e. spasticity reduction),bracing and surgical realignment.

¡Ü The primary goal of bracing in the management of foot deformities in children with CP is to improve gait efficiency.

¡Ü The basic principles of surgical management of neuromuscular foot deformities are to realign the joints, correct the bony deformities and balance the muscles.

³ú¼º ¸¶ºñ ȯ¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ú ¹ß¸ñÀÇ º¯ÇüÀº ¸¹°Ô´Â 93%¿¡ À̸¦ Á¤µµ·Î ÈçÇÏ°Ô ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±ÙÀ°ÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇü, ¿îµ¿ Á¶Àý ¼Õ»ó, ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ±äÀåµµ ¶§¹®À̸ç, ±äÀåµÈ ±ÙÀ°ÀÌ Á¤»ó ±ÙÀ° ¹× ¾àÇØÁ® ÀÖ´Â ±ÙÀ°À» ¾ÐµµÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹ßÀÇ À§Ä¡ º¯È­¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°í ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó °á±¹ ¿¬ºÎ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ±¸Ãà°ú »ÀÀÇ º¯ÇüÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹ßÀÇ º¯ÇüÀº ¹ß¸ñ(equinus ÷Á·, calcaneus ±¸Á·), ÈÄÁ·ºÎ¿Í ¹ß µÚ²ÞÄ¡(varus ³»¹øÁ·, valgus ¿Ü¹ÝÁ·), ÁßÁ·(cavus ¿äÁ·, planus ÆíÆòÁ·), ÀüÁ·ºÎ(adductus ³»ÀüÁõ, abductus ¿ÜÀüÁõ)ÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó ±¸ºÐµÇ´Âµ¥ ³ú¼º¸¶ºñ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ ¹ßÀÇ º¯ÇüÀº ÷Á·(equinus), ÆíÆò¿Ü¹ÝÁ·(planovalgus), ³»¹ø÷Á·(equinovarus)ÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ß º¯ÇüÀÇ Á¤µµ´Â ºñ±³Àû À¯¿¬ÇÑ »óÅ·κÎÅÍ °íÁ¤µÈ »óűîÁö ´Ù¾çÇѵ¥ ¹ßÀÇ º¯ÇüÀÌ °íÁ¤µÉ¼ö·Ï ¼­°í °È´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ °¨¼ÒµÇ°í, ÅëÁõ ¹× ÇǺΠÀÚ±Ø Áõ»óÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅëÁõ°ú ÇǺΠÁõ»óÀÇ ¿ÏÈ­, ¼­°í °È´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ȸº¹½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ Ä¡·áÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ µÇ°Ú´Ù.

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT

¹ß º¯ÇüÀÇ Ä¡·á ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â ½ºÆ®·¹Äª, º¸Á¶±â »ç¿ë, °æÁ÷ÀÇ Á¶Àý, ¼ö¼úÀû ±³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ë°³ ½ºÆ®·¹ÄªÀÌ Ã¹¹ø° Ä¡·á ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î °í·ÁµÇÁö¸¸ ³ú¼º¸¶ºñ ȯ¾ÆÀÇ ¹ß º¯Çü Ä¡·á¿¡¼­ ±× È¿°ú´Â »ó´çÈ÷ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù. º¸Á¶±â¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹ß°ú ¹ß¸ñÀÇ ºÎÁ¤·ÄÀ» ±³Á¤ÇÏ¿© º¸Çà¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.(Fig 1.) °æÁ÷ÀÇ Á¶Àý ¹æ¹ýÀº µÎ °¡Áö·Î ³ª´µ´Âµ¥ ±ÙÀÌ¿ÏÁ¦ º¹¿ë°°Àº Àü½ÅÀû Á¶Àý°ú º¸Å彺, Æä³î, ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã ÁÖ»ç¿Í °°Àº ±¹¼ÒÀû Á¶ÀýÀÌ´Ù. ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á´Â ¿¬ºÎÁ¶Á÷¼ö¼ú(tendon lengthening, joint capsule and ligament releases or transfer)°ú »À ¼ö¼ú(osteotomies, arthrodesis) ·Î ³ª´¶´Ù.


FIGURE 1. (a) Solid AFO: ankle motion is eliminated. (b) Hinged AFO: can allow free dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, however, plantar flexion can be blocked by a plantar stop at neutral. (c) Ground reaction AFO: can be either solid or hinged with a dorsiflexion stop. The anterior rigid shell places extension force on the front of the tibia. AFO, ankle–foot orthosis.


Ä¡·á ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ¼±Åðú ¿¹ÈÄ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿äÀο¡´Â Áø´Ü ´ç½Ã ¹ß º¯ÇüÀÇ Á¤µµ, ½Ã¼ú ´ç½Ã ȯ¾ÆÀÇ ³ªÀÌ, º¸Çà ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù .

GMFCS levels 1-3ÀÇ º¸ÇàÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ È¯¾ÆÀÇ Ä¡·á ¸ñÀûÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö Àý¾àÀûÀÌ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ̸鼭 ÅëÁõ ¾ø´Â º¸ÇàÀÌ´Ù. GMFCS levels 4, 5ÀÇ º¸ÇàÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ È¯¾ÆÀÇ Ä¡·á ¸ñÀûÀº ½Å¹ß°ú º¸Á¶±â Âø¿ëÀ» ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô Çϸ鼭 ÇǺÎÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ÁÙÀÌ°í Ä¡·áÀû ±â¸³ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ »óÅ·Π¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

EQUINUS DEFORMITY

ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ú¼º¸¶ºñÀÇ ¹ß º¯Çü Áß °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ ÇüÅ·Πtriceps surae complex(soleus and gastrocnemius)°¡ ankle dorsiflexors ¿¡ ºñÇØ overactivation µÈ °á°ú·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. Ä¡·á¹ýÀ¸·Î ½ºÆ®·¹Äª°ú º¸Á¶±â, º¸Å彺 ÁÖ»ç ÈÄ castingÀ» ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÇàÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í °íÁ¤µÈ º¯ÇüÀ¸·Î °íÂøµÈ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â plantar flexorÀÇ ¼ö¼úÀû lengtheningÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ overlengtheningÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

PLANOVALGUS DEFORMITY

Diplegic °ú quadriplegic ³ú¼º¸¶ºñ¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹ß º¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. hindfoot valgus, midfoot pronation, forefoot abduction & supinationÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¸ç ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣¸é¼­ ¹ßÀÇ lateral columnÀÌ medial column°ú ºñ±³ÇØ Âª¾ÆÁö°í ÀÔ°¢±â µ¿¾È tasal joint°¡ unlocked µÈ »óÅ°¡ µÇ¸é¼­ ¹ßÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ÀúÇØÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹ßÀÇ º¯ÇüÀÌ °íÁ¤µÇ±â Àü¿¡´Â º¸Á¶±â°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ°í °íÁ¤µÈ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ¼ö¼úÀû Ä¡·á¸¦ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

EQUINOVARUS AND EQUINOCAVOVARUS DEFORMITY

Equinovarus´Â Hemiplegic ³ú¼º¸¶ºñ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â º¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. hindfoot varus,midfoot adduction & supination with medial peritalar subluxation of the navicular on the talar head·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¸ç tibialis posterior spasticity¿Í tibialis anterior overactivity°¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Muscle imbalance°¡ °¡Àå ½ÉÇÑ º¯ÇüÀ¸·Î muscle lengthening, soft tissue release, tendon transfer¸¦ ÅëÇØ º¯ÇüµÈ ¹ßÀ» Á» ´õ À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °íÁ¤µÈ º¯Çü¿¡¼­´Â osteotomies¸¦ Ãß°¡ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


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