The insole materials influence the plantar pressure distributions in diabetic foot with neuropathy during different walking activities
Muhammad Nouman, Tulaya Dissaneewate, Wipawan Leelasamran, Surapong Chatpun
Gait & Posture 74 (2019) 154–161 DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.08.023
1. ¼·Ð ¹× ¹è°æ
-´ç´¢ ȯÀÚÀÇ ¾à 15%°¡ Á·ºÎ ±Ë¾ç¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 80% ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¸Å³â Àç¹ßÇÏ´Â ´ç´¢¹ß ±Ë¾ç¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½Å°æº´¼º ´ç´¢¹ß¿¡¼ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ Á·Àú¾ÐÀ» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© custom-made insole ÀÌ Á¦À۵ǰí ÀÖ´Ù. Multiple layer ¹× ´Ù¸¥ °æµµ¸¦ °¡Áø custom-made insoleÀº peak plantar pressure¿Í contact area¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ »ó±â ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ½Å°æº´ÁõÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ´ç´¢¹ß¿¡¼ º¸Çà ½Ã maximum peak plantar pressure, pressure-time-integral, pressure distribution, contact area, center of pressure¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Multiple layer custom-made insole ¼ÒÀçÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
2. ´ë»ó ¹× ¹æ¹ý
2.1. Participants
- 16¸íÀÇ diabetic neuropathic patients (³ªÀÌ: 40-60, Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´)
- Forefoot¿¡ Callus°¡ Àְųª ¶Ç´Â º¯ÇüÀÌ Àִ ȯÀÚµé(hallux valgus, hammer toe, mallet toe)
- 10g monofilament¿¡ ¹ßÀÇ °¨°¢ÀÌ ÀúÇϵǾî ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì
2.2. Custom-made insole
- Insole¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ Àç·á: multifoam 5 mm thick (30 ¡ÆShore A hardness), Plastazote¢ç 8 mm (25 ¡ÆShore A hardness), Microcellular rubber 10 mm (70 ¡ÆShore A hardness)
- 2°¡Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ custom-made insoleÀÌ Á¦ÀÛµÊ. (Fig. 1)
1) two-layer insole (Plastazote¢ç and microcellular rubber)___CMI-A
2) three-layer insole (Multifoam, Plastazote¢ç and microcellular rubber)___ CMI-B
2.3. Evaluation of custom-made insoles
- Plantar pressure´Â CMI-A ¹× CMI-B¸¦ ½Å°í °³ÀÎÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¼Óµµ·Î 3°¡Áö º¸Çà È°µ¿ µ¿¾È ±â·ÏÇÔ: level walking (10 m), ramp walking (angled 8.04¡Æ) for 4 m, 10 steps stair walking (step height 17.5 cm and 29 cm deep)
- Pedar-X¢ç mobile in-shoe system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany)
- Maximum peak plantar pressure, pressure-time integral, pressure distribution, contact area, center of pressure ÃøÁ¤ÇÔ.
- Foot plantar surface´Â 3°³ÀÇ ±¸¿ª(hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot)À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÔ. ƯÈ÷ forefootÀº hallux, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefootÀ¸·Î ¼¼ºÎ ºÐ·ùÇÔ. (Fig. 1)
3. °á°ú
3.1. Compression testing of custom made insoles (Fig. 2)
- 3°¡Áö Àç·á ¸ðµÎ viscoelastic ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Plastozote¢ç°¡ multiform°ú microcellular rubber º¸´Ù ´õ ºÎµå·¯¿ü´Ù.
- J-°î¼±À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â CMI-B¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§, CMI-A ¾ÕºÎºÐ¿¡¼ »ó´ç·® stress Áõ°¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â S-°î¼±À» º¸¿´´Ù.
- CMI-A´Â CMI-B¿¡ ºñÇØ insole ¾ÕºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ¿¡³ÊÁö Èí¼öÀ²ÀÌ ´õ ³ô¾Ò´Ù.
- CMI-B´Â CMI-A¿¡ ºñÇØ insole Áß°£°ú µÞºÎºÐ¿¡¼ ´õ ³ôÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö returnÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
3.2. Influence on maximum peak plantar pressure (Table 1)
- CMI-A´Â ¸ðµç È°µ¿¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ CMI-B¿¡ ºñÇØ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
- CMI-B: ForefootÀÇ maximum peak plantar pressure°¡ CMI-A¿¡ ºñÇØ level walking½Ã14%, ramp ascending½Ã 16% °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. MidfootÀÇ maximum peak plantar pressure°¡ CMI-A¿¡ ºñÇØ stair ascending½Ã 36% °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù.
3.3. Pressure distribution and contact area (Fig. 3)
- ´ëü·Î CMI-B¿¡¼ ¸ðµç È°µ¿½Ã ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ Àß ºÐ»êµÇ¾ú´Ù.
- CMI-A´Â hallux ¹× medial forefoot ºÎÀ§¿¡¼ÀÇ Á·Àú¾ÐÀÌ ³ô°Ô °üÂûµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, CMI-B´Â hallux¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© metatarsal heads ºÎÀ§¿¡¼ÀÇ Á·Àú¾ÐÀÌ ³·°Ô °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù.
- CMI-B: ¸ðµç È°µ¿ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ CMI-A¿¡ ºñÇØ forefootÀÇ contact area°¡ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ level walking½Ã 13% Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Medial & central forefoot contact area´Â CMI-A¿¡ ºñÇØ stair ascending½Ã 7%, ramp descending½Ã 6% Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
4. °á·Ð
CM-B »ç¿ë½Ã level walking, ramp ascending, stair descending¿¡¼ CMI-A¿¡ ºñÇØ forefootÀÇmaximum peak pressure°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. Áï, Plastazote¢ç¿Í microcellular rubber À§¿¡ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ multifoamÃþÀ» ±ñ multiple layer custom-made insoleÀº forefootÀÇ peak plantar pressure °¨¼Ò¿¡ È¿°úÀûÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ½Å°æº´ÁõÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ´ç´¢¹ß¿¡¼ level walking°ú ramp ascending È°µ¿ ½Ã Á·Àú¾Ð ºÐÆ÷°¡ °³¼±µÊÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.